
Building Regulations for Green Home Upgrades
Solar panels, heat pumps, air conditioning, insulation, windows and other green home improvements may need to comply with Building Regulations even when planning permission is not required.
Do green home upgrades need Building Regulations approval?
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Making a home greener can involve much more than choosing new equipment.
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Solar panels need a roof capable of carrying the additional load. Heat pumps need correctly designed heating and electrical systems. Air conditioning involves fixed building services. Insulation alters the thermal performance of walls and roofs.
Replacement windows, ventilation systems and EV charging can all bring their own technical requirements.
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For this reason, many green home upgrades are covered by the Building Regulations.
Government guidance specifically identifies work such as installing or replacing
heating systems, fixed air-conditioning systems, replacement windows and doors, and certain electrical works as alterations that may require Building Regulations approval.
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The important point is that planning permission and Building Regulations are completely separate systems.
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A project might:
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need planning permission but not a separate Building Control application
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require Building Regulations compliance but not planning permission
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require both
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require neither
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The position therefore needs to be considered for each individual improvement.
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This guide relates primarily to Building Regulations in England.
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Planning permission and Building Regulations are different
This is one of the areas homeowners most frequently misunderstand.
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Planning permission is principally concerned with issues such as:
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appearance
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size
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position
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impact on neighbours
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heritage
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land use.
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Building Regulations deal with the technical performance and safety of building work.
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They cover areas including:
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structure
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fire safety
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ventilation
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moisture
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energy efficiency
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electrical safety
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drainage
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access
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materials and workmanship.
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The government's Building Regulations guidance confirms that planning permission and Building Regulations approval are separate and that some projects may need both.
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A solar installation may therefore be permitted development from a planning perspective while still needing to satisfy Building Regulations.
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Which Building Regulations can affect a green home upgrade?
There is no single set of "green home Building Regulations".
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Different parts of the Building Regulations can apply depending on the work being carried out.
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Relevant Approved Documents can include:
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Part A – Structure
Important where additional loads are placed on a roof or building structure.
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Part B – Fire Safety
Potentially relevant where works affect fire separation, escape routes, construction or penetrations through fire-resisting elements.
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Part C – Moisture
Particularly important when insulating existing walls, floors and roofs.
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Part F – Ventilation
Relevant when making a home more airtight or installing new ventilation equipment.
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Part L – Conservation of Fuel and Power
A major consideration for heating systems, insulation, windows, building services and energy efficiency.
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Part P – Electrical Safety
Relevant to electrical installations within dwellings, including many renewable-energy and charging installations.
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Part S – Infrastructure for Charging Electric Vehicles
Sets Building Regulations requirements for EV charging infrastructure in developments where Part S applies.
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The government publishes separate Approved Documents providing guidance on how the requirements of the Building Regulations can be satisfied.
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Solar panels Building Regulations
A particularly common search is:
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Do solar panels need Building Regulations approval?
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For roof-mounted solar panels, Building Regulations will normally apply.
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Planning Portal specifically states that when solar panels are installed on a roof, the ability of the existing roof to carry the weight of the panels needs to be checked and demonstrated. The electrical installation also needs to comply with the relevant regulations.
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This means that even where solar panels do not require planning permission, Building Regulations should not simply be ignored.
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Do solar panels need Building Control?
The most important Building Control considerations with a typical roof-mounted solar installation are usually:
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structural loading
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condition of the existing roof
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fixing of the mounting system
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electrical safety
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weatherproofing
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any associated building alterations.
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Planning Portal confirms that some roofs may need strengthening before they can safely carry a solar installation.
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This can be particularly relevant with:
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older roofs
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lightweight roof structures
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unusual roof constructions
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large solar arrays
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panels combined with other rooftop equipment.
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A solar survey should therefore consider more than simply whether there is enough roof area available.
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Structural assessment for solar panels
Solar panels add permanent weight to the roof.
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The mounting system also transfers wind and other forces into the roof structure.
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The existing structure therefore needs to be capable of safely carrying the proposed installation.
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Depending on the property, this may involve considering:
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rafters
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roof trusses
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purlins
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roof coverings
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existing structural alterations
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condition of the timbers
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location of fixing points
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panel arrangement.
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For a relatively modern roof in good condition the assessment may be straightforward.
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Older properties, converted roofs or buildings with previous structural alterations may need closer investigation.
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Planning Portal specifically identifies the ability of the existing roof to carry the solar-panel load as a Building Regulations consideration.
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What if the roof is not strong enough for solar panels?
Finding that a roof needs strengthening does not necessarily mean solar panels cannot be installed.
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It may simply mean that additional structural works are required.
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Possible solutions depend upon the roof and might include strengthening individual members, altering fixing arrangements or reducing or repositioning the array.
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This is one reason why the structural assessment should take place before the installation, not after panels have already been fixed to the roof.
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Electrical Building Regulations for solar panels
A solar PV installation becomes part of the electrical installation serving the property.
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Electrical safety therefore forms another important part of compliance.
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Part P of the Building Regulations covers electrical safety in dwellings, while government guidance recognises that competent-person schemes can allow suitably registered installers to self-certify certain Building Regulations work without the homeowner making a separate application to Building Control.
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A properly designed solar installation can involve:
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PV panels
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DC cabling
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inverter
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isolation equipment
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consumer-unit connections
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generation meter
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battery equipment where included
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export or grid connections.
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The electrical side of a solar installation is therefore just as important as the panels themselves.
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Do I need to make a separate Building Regulations application for solar panels?
Not necessarily.
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This is where homeowners can understandably become confused.
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The work may be subject to Building Regulations, but that does not always mean the homeowner has to submit a separate Building Control application personally.
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Government guidance confirms that where qualifying work is carried out by an installer registered with an appropriate Competent Person Scheme, the installer may be able to self-certify compliance.
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Where work is not being self-certified under an applicable scheme, Building Control involvement may be required.
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The route should be established before installation starts.
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Building Regulations certificate for solar panels
Homeowners often search for a Building Regulations certificate for solar panels.
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The documentation you receive depends upon how the work has been approved and certified.
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Where qualifying work is self-certified through an appropriate competent-person scheme, documentation confirming compliance should be provided.
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Where work is dealt with directly through a Building Control body, Building Control documentation may be issued following satisfactory completion.
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Government guidance warns that a lack of appropriate Building Regulations certification can cause difficulties when a property is later sold.
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It is therefore sensible to retain all certificates and installation information relating to the solar system.
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MCS certification and Building Regulations are not the same thing
Homeowners may also receive an MCS certificate for a renewable-energy installation.
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This should not automatically be confused with Building Regulations compliance.
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MCS is an industry standards and certification scheme for small-scale renewable technologies and installers.
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Building Regulations are statutory requirements relating to the building work itself.
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Depending upon the project, both can be relevant.
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Are there no Building Regulations for solar panels?
No.
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You may occasionally find information online suggesting there are no Building Regulations for solar panels because solar panels can often be installed without planning permission.
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That confuses two different systems.
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Planning Portal's guidance is clear that Building Regulations will normally apply where solar panels are installed on a roof, particularly in relation to structural capacity and the electrical installation.
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Permitted development does not mean exempt from Building Regulations.
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That distinction is worth remembering for many types of green home technology.
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Solar panels on flat roofs
Flat-roof solar installations can require particular attention because the mounting arrangement may be different from a conventional pitched-roof system.
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Panels may be:
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fixed directly to a mounting frame
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installed at an angle
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mechanically fixed through the roof
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supported using ballasted systems.
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The structure needs to accommodate the additional permanent load and any forces transferred through the mounting system.
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Weatherproofing is also particularly important where fixings penetrate an existing flat-roof membrane.
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The proposed solar layout should therefore be considered together with the roof construction rather than simply treating the panels as equipment placed on top.
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Solar panels during an extension or loft conversion
If solar panels are being installed as part of a larger project such as:
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an extension
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loft conversion
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major roof alteration
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new-build house
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it is sensible to incorporate the solar system into the main Building Regulations design.
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The roof structure, electrical routes, equipment positions and future maintenance requirements can then be planned from the beginning.
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This is generally much easier than designing the roof first and subsequently trying to adapt it for a large solar installation.
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Heat pump Building Regulations
Both air source heat pumps and ground source heat pumps must comply with Building Regulations.
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Planning Portal specifically confirms that Building Regulations apply to both types of heat-pump installation and recommends using appropriately qualified installers.
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Heat-pump installations can involve several areas of technical compliance because the work may affect:
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heating
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hot water
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electrical systems
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controls
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pipework
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energy efficiency
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building fabric.
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Air source heat pump Building Regulations
An air source heat pump is a fixed building service.
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The design needs to consider the heat demand of the home and the ability of the system to provide heating efficiently.
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A complete installation may include:
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external heat-pump unit
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internal cylinder
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buffer vessel where required
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controls
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radiators
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underfloor heating
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pumps
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electrical supplies
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associated pipework.
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Part L of the Building Regulations provides guidance on energy efficiency and the performance of fixed building services in dwellings.
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It is therefore not simply a case of replacing a boiler with a heat pump of similar physical size.
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The heating system needs to be designed as a complete system.
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Heat loss calculations
Heat pumps generally work most effectively when the heating system is designed around the actual heat demand of the property.
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This means looking at elements including:
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external walls
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roof
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floors
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windows
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doors
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ventilation
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room sizes
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desired internal temperatures.
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Heat-loss calculations help determine the required heating output.
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They can also reveal whether improving insulation or glazing before installing the heat pump could reduce the required system capacity.
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This is one of the clearest examples of why a whole-home approach can be better than looking at one green technology in isolation.
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Radiators and underfloor heating
A heat pump can operate at different water temperatures from a conventional gas boiler.
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Depending upon the existing installation, some radiators may need to be increased in size or replaced.
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Alternatively, underfloor heating may form part of the solution.
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Where floors, heating systems or other parts of the building are altered, additional Building Regulations requirements may become relevant.
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This is why major heat-pump projects are often best coordinated with refurbishment or extension work.
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Ground source heat pump Building Regulations
Ground source heat pumps must also comply with Building Regulations.
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They may involve:
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horizontal ground loops
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boreholes
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internal heat-pump equipment
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new pipework
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electrical installations
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hot-water storage
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alterations to the existing heating system.
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The amount and nature of the work means that the design should be established before excavation or drilling begins.
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Other environmental approvals can also arise with some ground-source or water-source installations and should be investigated separately from Building Regulations.
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Air conditioning Building Regulations
Another common search is air conditioning building regulations.
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Government guidance specifically identifies the installation of a fixed air-conditioning system as work that may need Building Regulations approval.
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A domestic split air-conditioning system typically includes:
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internal fan-coil unit
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external condenser
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refrigerant pipework
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electrical supply
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condensate drainage
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penetrations through external walls.
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All of these need to be installed safely and appropriately.
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Building Regulations for domestic air conditioning
Depending upon the installation, relevant considerations can include:
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energy efficiency
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electrical safety
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ventilation
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fire stopping where services pass through fire-resisting construction
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structural support for equipment
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condensate drainage
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commissioning.
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Modern reversible systems may provide heating as well as cooling and effectively operate as air-to-air heat pumps.
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In those circumstances, the equipment should be considered as part of the home's wider heating and energy strategy rather than simply as a summer appliance.
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Air conditioning and Part L
Part L deals with the conservation of fuel and power and includes requirements relevant to fixed building services.
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Government guidance confirms that Approved Document L provides the current statutory guidance for energy-efficiency requirements applying to dwellings and other buildings.
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Air-conditioning and heat-pump systems should therefore be designed and controlled to operate efficiently.
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Correct sizing is also important.
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Installing significantly oversized equipment may increase cost without necessarily producing a better or more efficient system.
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What are TM44 air conditioning regulations?
The phrase TM44 air conditioning regulations is frequently searched, but TM44 inspections should be distinguished from ordinary domestic Building Regulations approval.
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Under the energy-performance regime, air-conditioning systems with an effective rated output of more than 12kW must be inspected by an accredited energy assessor at intervals of no more than five years.
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Importantly, the 12kW threshold can apply to the combined output of several individual units that together form the air-conditioning system.
A small single-room domestic air-conditioning unit will normally be well below this threshold.
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The requirement is therefore particularly relevant to:
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larger houses
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offices
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shops
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commercial premises
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schools
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hotels
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buildings with several connected or collectively controlled systems.
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TM44 inspections are an energy-performance requirement, not simply another name for Building Regulations approval.
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Insulation and Building Regulations
Improving insulation is one of the most effective ways to reduce the amount of energy a home needs.
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But major insulation works can also fall within Building Regulations.
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Part L contains requirements relating to the renovation or replacement of thermal elements such as:
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walls
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roofs
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floors.
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The requirements depend on the extent and nature of the work.
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For example, a major roof refurbishment may create an opportunity — and in some circumstances a requirement — to improve its thermal performance at the same time.
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More insulation is not always simply better
Insulation needs to be designed properly.
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Adding insulation can alter:
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surface temperatures
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condensation risk
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moisture movement
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ventilation
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airtightness.
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Approved Document L itself highlights the interaction between energy-efficiency work, moisture control under Part C and ventilation under Part F.
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This is particularly important with older and traditionally constructed properties.
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A wall that has successfully managed moisture for 100 years can behave differently after an inappropriate impermeable insulation system is added.
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The objective should therefore be better thermal performance without creating new building defects.
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Loft and roof insulation
Loft insulation is often among the simplest green home improvements.
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More substantial roof upgrades can become technically more involved.
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Issues can include:
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ventilation
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condensation
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insulation continuity
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cold bridging
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roof membrane
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eaves detailing
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existing roof condition.
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If the roof covering itself is being replaced, separate Building Regulations requirements may also be triggered.
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Government guidance lists the replacement of roof coverings among the alterations for which Building Regulations approval may be required.
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Internal wall insulation
Internal wall insulation can substantially improve thermal performance but needs careful detailing.
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Potential issues include:
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condensation
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thermal bridging
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reduced room dimensions
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window reveals
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floor junctions
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roof junctions
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electrical services
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ventilation.
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Part L and Part C therefore need to be considered together where significant thermal upgrades are made.
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Historic and solid-wall buildings require particular care.
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External wall insulation
External wall insulation can provide excellent thermal continuity because the insulation wraps around the outside of the building.
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However, it can also alter:
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wall thickness
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window reveals
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eaves
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gutters
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external finishes
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damp-proof-course details
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connections with adjoining structures.
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Building Regulations and planning considerations can therefore overlap.
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For a conservation-area or listed property, the planning and heritage implications may be just as important as thermal performance.
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Replacement windows and doors
Replacement windows and doors are another common green home improvement covered by Building Regulations.
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Government guidance specifically lists replacement windows and doors amongst works that can require approval.
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Requirements can relate to matters including:
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thermal performance
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ventilation
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safety glazing
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means of escape
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structural support where openings are changed.
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Many replacement-window installers operate through Competent Person Schemes and can self-certify qualifying work, avoiding the need for the homeowner to make a separate Building Control application.
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Again, the certificate should be retained.
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Making a home more airtight
Green home upgrades frequently aim to reduce uncontrolled heat loss.
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That can involve:
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new windows
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draught proofing
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insulation
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sealing gaps
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improved doors.
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But as the building becomes more airtight, ventilation becomes increasingly important.
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Approved Document L specifically directs designers to consider Part F when improving airtightness because ventilation and energy efficiency must work together.
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A home should be energy efficient without compromising indoor air quality.
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MVHR and ventilation systems
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery — usually known as MVHR — can form part of a highly efficient home.
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The system extracts stale air from areas such as kitchens and bathrooms while introducing fresh air elsewhere and recovering some of the heat from the outgoing air.
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Ventilation systems are principally considered under Part F, with energy-efficiency requirements interacting with Part L. Government guidance identifies Approved Document F as the statutory guidance covering Building Regulations ventilation requirements.
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Successful MVHR installation depends heavily on design.
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Considerations include:
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duct routes
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unit location
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airflow
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noise
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maintenance access
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airtightness
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commissioning.
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It is therefore easier to incorporate a full MVHR system during a significant renovation or extension than after every room has already been completed.
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EV chargers and Building Regulations
An EV charger is another green upgrade involving the building's electrical infrastructure.
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For new development and certain building works, Part S of the Building Regulations sets requirements relating to electric-vehicle charge points and cable routes.
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The government also makes clear that EV charging infrastructure must comply with all other applicable Building Regulations requirements, including electrical-safety requirements where relevant.
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For an existing home simply adding a charger, the electrical installation remains an important consideration even where the wider Part S requirements applying to new development are not triggered.
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New homes and EV charging
Part S has made EV charging an important consideration in the design of new residential developments with associated parking.
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Government guidance gives examples where new houses with associated parking spaces are required to have charge points installed, subject to the detailed requirements and exemptions within Part S.
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This means electric-vehicle charging is increasingly being treated as part of the building's infrastructure rather than as an accessory added later.
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Battery storage and Building Regulations
Home battery storage is increasingly being installed alongside solar PV.
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A typical system may involve:
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batteries
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inverter
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electrical isolation equipment
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monitoring equipment
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connection to the consumer unit
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sometimes backup or changeover equipment.
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The electrical design must comply with the applicable safety requirements.
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Location is also important.
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Battery equipment should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements and relevant electrical and fire-safety guidance.
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Where batteries are being incorporated into a larger refurbishment or solar installation, it makes sense to consider their position at the design stage rather than trying to find space for them afterwards.
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Green upgrades during an extension
An extension is often one of the best opportunities to improve the performance of the whole home.
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Building work is already underway, so it may be practical to consider:
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solar PV
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battery storage
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heat pumps
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underfloor heating
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improved insulation
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new windows
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MVHR
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EV charging
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smart controls.
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The Building Regulations package can then coordinate these improvements with the extension itself.
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This can also make it easier to provide space for equipment such as:
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hot-water cylinders
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batteries
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heat-pump controls
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ventilation units
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electrical equipment.
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Thinking about these requirements early can prevent valuable cupboard and utility space disappearing later.
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Green upgrades during a loft conversion
A loft conversion provides another opportunity to improve energy performance.
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The project already involves substantial work to the roof, so it may be worth considering:
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roof insulation
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solar panels
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electrical upgrades
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improved glazing
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ventilation
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heating and cooling.
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If solar panels are likely to be installed, the roof structure and panel positions can potentially be considered alongside the structural design for the loft.
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This is generally preferable to strengthening or altering the completed roof again several years later.
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What does Building Control actually do?
Building Control does not design the project for the homeowner.
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Its role is to assess whether relevant building work complies with the Building Regulations.
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For work that is not dealt with through a competent-person route, the homeowner may use:
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the local authority Building Control service, or
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a private Registered Building Control Approver for work where that route is available.
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Depending upon the project, Building Control may assess drawings, calculations and specifications and inspect work during construction.
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What information might Building Control need?
The information depends entirely on the project.
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A green home upgrade could potentially require:
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Solar panels
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roof plans
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panel layout
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structural assessment
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fixing information
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electrical certification.
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Heat pump
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equipment specification
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heating design
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controls
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electrical information
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commissioning information.
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Air conditioning
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system specification
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energy-performance information
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electrical details
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penetrations and fire stopping where relevant
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commissioning.
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Insulation
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sections
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insulation specification
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U-value information
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condensation assessment where necessary
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junction details.
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Windows
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thermal specification
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glazing information
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ventilation provisions
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structural information if openings change.
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The larger and more integrated the project, the more useful coordinated drawings become.
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Competent Person Schemes
Not every green home upgrade requires the homeowner to employ Building Control directly.
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Government-approved Competent Person Schemes allow registered installers to self-certify certain categories of work as compliant with Building Regulations.
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This can apply to various specialist installations.
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The advantage is that the installer deals with the compliance process relevant to their registered work and the homeowner receives appropriate certification.
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Before appointing an installer, it is therefore worth asking:
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What scheme are you registered with?
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Which part of the work can you self-certify?
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What certificate will I receive?
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Is any separate Building Control application required?
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Do not wait until the work is finished to ask these questions.
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Why certificates matter
Building Regulations documents are not just paperwork.
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Government guidance specifically warns that without the correct approval or compliance certificates, problems can arise when the property is eventually sold.
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Homeowners should therefore retain a project file containing relevant documents such as:
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Building Regulations approvals
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completion certificates
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competent-person certificates
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electrical certificates
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MCS documentation
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commissioning certificates
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product warranties
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structural calculations
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operating instructions.
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A future buyer may want evidence that significant renewable-energy equipment was installed correctly.
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Building Regulations and listed buildings
Listed and historic properties can require additional judgement.
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Building Regulations still apply where relevant, but the approach may need to balance technical improvements with conservation of the historic building.
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Approved Document L recognises this issue and refers specifically to the need to consider conservation advice when applying energy-efficiency requirements to historic and traditionally constructed buildings.
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This is particularly important for:
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insulation
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historic windows
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traditional roofs
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solid walls
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ventilation
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alterations for heat-pump pipework.
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The best solution may not always be identical to the solution used on a modern cavity-wall house.
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Building Regulations should be considered before installation
A recurring problem with green home projects is that homeowners sometimes choose the equipment first and investigate the building afterwards.
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That is the wrong way round for anything substantial.
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Before installing solar panels, ask whether the roof can support them.
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Before buying a heat pump, understand the heat demand of the house.
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Before adding extensive insulation, understand the construction and moisture behaviour of the walls.
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Before installing MVHR, establish where the ducts can run.
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Before adding a large EV charger, consider the electrical supply.
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Before installing air conditioning, work out how the system will integrate with the building.
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Good design turns separate pieces of equipment into a coordinated home-energy strategy.
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One upgrade can affect another
Green technologies increasingly interact.
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For example:
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Insulation reduces heating demand.
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That may allow a smaller heat pump to be installed.
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Solar panels generate electricity.
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That electricity can help supply the heat pump, battery or electric vehicle.
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Battery storage changes when solar electricity can be used.
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Instead of exporting surplus power immediately, some can be retained for later.
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Improved airtightness reduces heat loss.
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But it may increase the importance of controlled ventilation.
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Air conditioning increases summer electrical demand.
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Solar PV may generate strongly at the same time that cooling demand is highest.
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The building therefore needs to be considered as a system.
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Building Regulations and the whole-home approach
The Building Regulations themselves illustrate how interconnected modern homes have become.
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Approved Document L specifically highlights its interaction with other requirements including moisture control under Part C and ventilation under Part F.
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For homeowners, the practical lesson is simple:
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Do not design insulation, heating, ventilation, solar generation and electrical systems completely independently of one another.
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A coordinated approach can improve:
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comfort
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efficiency
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reliability
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compliance
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installation quality
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future flexibility.
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Start with the property, not the products
It is easy to begin a green home project by searching for equipment.
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Which heat pump?
Which solar panels?
Which battery?
Which air-conditioning unit?
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A better starting point is often the house itself.
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Consider:
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how much energy it currently uses
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where heat is being lost
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roof orientation
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available plant space
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electrical supply
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heating system
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ventilation
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glazing
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future EV charging
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planned extensions or alterations
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planning and Building Regulations constraints.
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Once those factors are understood, it becomes much easier to identify the technologies that genuinely suit the property.
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How APN Green Homes can help
APN Green Homes takes a whole-home approach to improving energy efficiency, comfort and sustainability.
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That means considering the relationship between the property and potential improvements such as:
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solar PV
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battery storage
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heat pumps
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air conditioning
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insulation
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replacement windows
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ventilation
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EV charging
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smart energy controls.
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Where Building Regulations apply, the objective is to identify the technical requirements early enough for them to influence the design.
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This can be particularly important where several improvements are being carried out together.
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Start with a Green Home Survey
A Green Home Survey provides a practical starting point for homeowners who want to improve their property but are unsure which measures should come first.
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Rather than focusing immediately on one product, the property can be considered as a whole.
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That can help identify:
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suitable improvements
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priorities
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planning considerations
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potential Building Regulations requirements
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areas requiring specialist assessment
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opportunities to combine different technologies
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a sensible order for carrying out the work.
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The result can then form the basis of a phased green home strategy.
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Planning green home improvements?
Many green technologies are becoming easier to install, but that does not mean the technical requirements have disappeared.
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Solar panels, heat pumps, fixed air conditioning, insulation, replacement windows, ventilation and EV charging can all involve Building Regulations considerations.
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Solar panels may need structural assessment.
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Heat pumps need properly designed building services.
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Air conditioning needs to be safely and efficiently installed.
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Insulation needs to work with the existing construction.
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Electrical installations need to be properly certified.
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The best time to understand these requirements is before the work starts.
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APN Green Homes can help you understand the property, coordinate the improvements and establish what planning, Building Regulations and specialist input may be needed to create a greener, more efficient home.
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NEXT STEPS
Every home is different, so the right next step depends on your property, your budget and what you want to achieve. APN Green Homes can help you turn the information you have just read into a practical plan for your own home. Whether you are considering one improvement or looking at a complete whole-home energy upgrade, we can help you understand what is suitable, what should be prioritised and where your money is likely to make the greatest difference.
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Choose one of the options below to get the ball rolling:
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BOOK A GREEN HOME SURVEY
Get a detailed assessment of your home with practical, property-specific recommendations and a clear plan for the improvements worth considering.
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BOOK A PHONE CONSULTATION
Talk through your property, ideas and priorities with us and get some initial direction on the best way forward.
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EMAIL US
Send us details of your property, photographs or any questions and we can advise you on the most appropriate next step.
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GIVE US A CALL
Prefer to speak to someone? Give us a call and tell us what you are hoping to achieve.
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Your greener, more efficient home starts with understanding the right improvements for your property — and putting them in the right order.


